Formulation and evaluation of the antifungal activity of Neem seed oil ointment against Tinea capitis.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60787/wapcp-27-1-108Keywords:
Epidermophyton floccosum, Tricophyton violaceum, Inhibition, Azadirachta indicaAbstract
Background: The plant Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) , a tree widely grown in Nigeria has been reported variously to have medicinal properties. The development of appropriate dosage formulation of useful therapeutic value has been a challenge.
Objective: The present study therefore seeks to evaluate oil from Neem seed both in extract form and in ointment formulation against fungal organisms.
Method: The oil was extracted from dried seed kernel with n-Hexane, Ethanol and Chloroform respectively at seed weight to solvent ratio 1:10. The extract was evaluated as antifungal using Tricophyton violaceum and Epidermophyton floccosum as test organisms. The extract with highest antifungal activity was invariably formulated into ointment at concentrations 0%w/w, 2.5%w/w,5%w/w, 7.5%w/w & 10%w/w respectively using hydrocarbon ointment base .The ointment was evaluated for physical characteristics and tested against Tricophyton violaceum and Epidermophyton floccosum using Whitfield ointment as reference.
Result: The result showed that n-Hexane out of solvents for extraction gave the highest Neem seed oil yield (25.0%w/w) and zones of inhibition 2.1cm and 1.7cm against Tricophyton violaceum and Epidermophyton floccosum respectively. Ointment formulations gave favourable physical characteristics and had higher zones of inhibition at 7.5% w/w, 10.0% w/w against Tricophyton violaceum and at 5.0% w/w, 7.5% w/w, 10.0% w/w against Epidermophyton floccosum (p<0.05) than the reference standard (Whitfield's Ointment)
Conclusion: Neem seed oil ointment could be used in Tinea capitis infection
Downloads
References
VanderNatJim, VanderSlui WG, DeSilva KT, Labadie RP (1987).Immunomodulator activity of an aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica stem bark. Ethnopharmacology19 :125-131.
. Puri H S(1999). Pollen Grains Of Western Himalayan Plants. Ethnopharmacology 6 :103-105.
Aremu OI, Femi-Oyewo MN, Adeyemi AA (2008). Medicinal relevance of Plant Azadirchta indica- A Review. Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2(4): 95-105.
Charmaine Lioyd AC, Menon T, Umamaheshwari K (2005). Anticandidal activity of Azadirachta Indica. Indian Journal of Dermatology 37: 386-389.
Okpanyi SN, Eze ukwu GC (1981). Antinflammatory and antipyretic activities of Azadirachta indica. Planta Medica 41: 34-49.
Rao DV, Singh K., Chopra P, Chatra PC, Ramanujalu G(1986). Invitro antibactericidal activity of neem oil. Indian Journal of Medical Research 84: 314 -316.
Aremu OI, Femi-Oyewo MN, Popoola KOK (2009). Repellant action neem seed oil cream against Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes. African
Research Review J 3 :12-22.
Khalid SA, Farouk A, Geary TG, Jensen JB (1989). Potential antimalarial candidates from African plants: and in vitro approach using Plasmodium falciparum. Ethnopharmacology 15:201-209.
Subapriya R, Nagini S(2005). Medicinal properties of neem leaves-A review. Current Medicine 5:149-160.
Badani L, Deolankar RP, Kulkarni MM, Nagsampgi BA,Wagh UV(1987). Antimalarial activity of the ethanolic extract of neem leaf. Malaria 24:111-117.
Udeinya JI, Shu EN, Quakyi I, Ajayi FO(2008). An antimalarial neem leaf extract has boths chizonticidal and gametocytocidal activities. Therapy 15:108-110.
Mabberly DJ. The plant book, 2 edn. New York: Cambridge University Press: 40-45
Mordue AJ, Nisbet AJ (2000). Azadirachtin, a plant allelochemical against insects. Journal of Pest. Science.54(3):277-284
Anderson JC, Ley SV,Santiafianos D, Sheppard RN(1991).Tetrahedron 417:6813.
Ghannoum M, Isham N, Hajjeh F(2003). Tinea capitis in Clevaland: Survey of elementary school students. Journal of Dermatology 48: 189-193.
Ellabib MS, Agaj Z, Khalifa A, Kavanagh K.(2002). Trichophyton violaceum is the dominant cause of Tinea capitis in children in Tripoli, Libya.
Mycopathologia 153:145-147.
Jahangir MI, Hussain K.,Khurshid I, Haroon TS(1999). A clinico-etiologic correlation in Tinea capitis. International Journal of Dermatology 38:275-278.
Menan E, Zongo-Bonou F, Rouet P C, Kiki-Barro W, Yavo F N, N′Guessan A, Kone,M.(2002). Tinea capitis in school children from Ivory Coast.
International Journal of Dermatology 41:204-207.
Allameh A, Abyaneh MR, Shams MB, Rezaee O, Jaimand K(2002). Effects of neem leaf extract on production of aflatoxins and activities of fatty acid synthetase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase in Aspergillus parasiticus. Mycopathologia 54: 79-84.
Malbach SA, Johnson HL (1975). Contact urticaria syndrome to diethyl-toluamide. Archive Dermatology 111: 726-730.
Morar NN, Dlova C, Gupta AK, Abookar J(2004). Tinea capitis in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. Pediatrics Dermatology 21: 444-447
Jacobson AJ (1989). Bioresources of plant Azedirachta indica. Natural products 84:34-39.
Koul AM (1990). Biologically active compounds in Azedirachta indica. Plant Medica 44: 67-75.
Ascher KRS(1993). Nonconvectional insecticidal effects of pesticides available from the Neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Archive insect biochemical physiology 22: 433-449.2
Kovo AS (2002). Application of Full 4 Factorial Design For The Development and Characterization of Insecticidal Soap From Neem Oil.Department of Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
Aulton M E (1996). Pharmaceutics- The Science ofDosage Form Design . 8 ed.New York: Churchill Livingstone Publishing House: 269-270.
Murthy SP, Sirsi M (1958). Aromatherapy plants . Pharmacology 2: 456–460.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 West African Journal of Pharmacy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
