Formulation and evaluation of Neem-Reetha herbal shampoo containing glycerol and xanthan gum: A comparative study with a commercial shampoo

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Angels I. Okolie
David U. Friday
Ugochi E. Ewii
Emmanuel O. Olorunsola

Abstract

Background: Shampoos are detergent solutions for the cleansing of hair and scalp. Herbal shampoos are considered as better alternatives to synthetic ones because they are kinder and they provide vital nutrients for the hair and scalp. However, there is a need for their standardization.


Objectives: This study focused on the formulation and evaluation of Neem-Reetha-based herbal shampoo as a natural, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic commercial shampoos.


Methods: Aqueous leaf extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and ethanol pericarp extract of Reetha (Sapindus mukorossi) were blended with glycerol, xanthan gum, sodium benzoate, citric acid, and rosemary essential oil to produce a 100 mL herbal shampoo. The formulation was assessed for organoleptic, physicochemical, and functional properties and compared with a commercial (Elan®) shampoo.


Results: The formulated shampoo appeared greenish-brown with a pleasant herbal fragrance while Elan® is a light brown perfumed product. It exhibited a slightly alkaline pH of 7.56 compared to Elan's 6.81 which is closer to the scalp-friendly mild acidity. Both products had acceptable solid content (25% versus 30%), but the herbal shampoo demonstrated better foaming ability (110.00 mL versus 93.00 mL), higher viscosity (44.79 mPa.s versus 32.08 mPa.s) and longer wetting time (188 s versus 158 s). The cleaning efficiency was comparable as dirts dispersed effectively in water in both cases.


Conclusion: This study shows that Neem-Reetha shampoo is an effective, mild and aesthetically appealing formulation with strong cleansing and foaming performance. The formulation demonstrates high potential as a sustainable, plant-based alternative to synthetic shampoos. 



Résumé


Contexte: Les shampoings sont des solutions détergentes destinées au nettoyage des cheveux et du cuir chevelu. Les shampoings à base de plantes sont considérés comme de meilleures alternatives aux shampoings synthétiques car ils sont plus doux et apportent des nutriments essentiels aux cheveux et au cuir chevelu. Toutefois, leur standardisation est nécessaire.


Objectifs: Cette étude s'est concentrée sur la formulation et l'évaluation d'un shampooing à base de plantes de neem et de reetha en tant qu'alternative naturelle et écologique aux shampooings commerciaux synthétiques.


Méthodes: Un extrait aqueux de neem (Azadirachta indica) et un extrait éthanolique de Reetha (Sapindus mukorossi) ont été mélangés avec du glycérol, de la gomme xanthane, du benzoate de sodium, de l'acide citrique et de l'huile essentielle de romarin pour produire 100 mL de shampooing herbal. La formulation a été évaluée quant à ses propriétés organoleptiques, physicochimiques et fonctionnelles et comparée à un shampooing commercial (Elan®).


Résultats: Le shampooing formulé présentait une couleur brun verdâtre avec un agréable parfum d'herbes, tandis qu'Elan® était un produit parfumé brun clair. Son pH était légèrement alcalin (7.56) comparé à celui d'Elan® (6.81), valeur plus proche de la légère acidité favorable au cuir chevelu. Les deux produits présentaient une teneur en solides acceptable (25 % contre 30 %), mais le shampooing herbal a démontré une meilleure capacité moussante (110.00 mL contre 93.00 mL), une viscosité plus élevée (44.79 mPa·s contre 32.08 mPa·s) et un temps de mouillage plus long (188 s contre 158 s). L'efficacité nettoyante était comparable, les impuretés étant efficacement dispersées dans l'eau dans les deux cas.


Conclusion: Cette étude montre que le shampooing Neem-Reetha est une formulation efficace, douce et esthétiquement attrayante, avec de bonnes performances de nettoyage et de formation de mousse. Cette formulation présente un fort potentiel en tant qu'alternative durable et végétale aux shampooings synthétiques. 

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Okolie, A., Friday, D., Ewii, U., & Olorunsola, E. (2026). Formulation and evaluation of Neem-Reetha herbal shampoo containing glycerol and xanthan gum: A comparative study with a commercial shampoo. West African Journal of Pharmacy, 37(1), 116-124. https://doi.org/10.82351/wajp.vol37no1.453

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