In vivo antimalarial activity of yoyo bitters®, a polyherbal formulation against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss mice
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Abstract
Background: The emergence of drug resistance necessitates the search for new antimalarial agents. Yoyo Bitters® is a branded polyherbal formulation commonly used in Nigeria.
Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate the in vivo antimalarial activity of Yoyo Bitters® in Swiss mice.
Methods: Yoyo Bitters® was evaluated in a 4-day suppressive test against P. berghei. The treatment groups with five animals were inoculated with P. berghei on Day 0. Two hours post-infection, the mice in the test groups were treated with 200, 400 and 800mg of Yoyo Bitters® per kg body weight of mice, respectively this was done considering the dosage in humans. Negative control was administered distilled water (5 ml/kg), while positive control received chloroquine phosphate as (5 mg/kg). Blood smears were examined for parasitaemia on Day 4.
Results: The average percentage parasitaemia in the negative control, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and positive control groups were 24.11 %, 5.06 %, 10.0 %, 3.50 % and 0 %, respectively. Yoyo Bitters® dosage groups: 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg suppressed the parasitaemia by 79.0 %, 58.5 % and 85.5 %, respectively (p>0.05). Positive control had 100 % suppression.
Conclusion: The bitters exhibited a dose independent suppressive activity on P.berghei in mice. These results support the use of Yoyo bitters as herbal medicine for the suppression of malaria.
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