GC-MS profiling and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract and fractions of the leaves of Solanum dasyphyllum Schumach and Thonn.
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Abstract
Background: Solanum dasyphyllum is a plant with several ethno-medicinal uses and to date, there is little scientific validation of its folkloric claims compared to other species of the Solanaceae family.
Objective: This study determined the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of methanol extract and fractions of the leaves of S. dasyphyllum and identified the phyto-constituents using GC-MS technique.
Methods: Crude methanolic extract of S. dasyphyllum leaves were subjected to Phytochemical screening and liquid-liquid fractionation. Crude extracts and fractions were subjected to antimicrobial screening, including minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) determination, time-kill kinetics study, antioxidant activity and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis.
Results: Phytochemicals present included flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, cyanogenic glycosides, tannins and reducing sugars. Antimicrobial activities were recorded against all the isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus spp., Candida albicans and Penicillium spp.) with MIC between 0.25 and >4 mg/mL, MBC of 1 and >4 mg/mL and MFC of 0.5 and >4 mg/mL. Time-kill kinetics study showed dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions to be bactericidal. Crude extract displayed moderate antioxidant (IC50 = 425.51µg/mL) and GC-MS analysis showed 29 metabolites, including phenols and polyphenols derivatives, benzofuranone derivative and esters of decanoic acid derivatives, all of which are known to have anti-infective and anti-oxidant properties.
Conclusion: This study therefore elucidates the potentials of the Solanum dasyphyllum plant as a good source of bioactive compounds including those with anti-infective and antioxidant properties.
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