Antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolates from pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria attending antenatal clinics in three hospitals in Kano, Nigeria
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Abstract
Background: Pregnancy enhances the progression from asymptomatic to symptomatic bacteriuria which could lead to pyelonephritis and adverse obstetric outcomes. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and antibiotic susceptibility testing of uropathogens from pregnant women.
Objectives: This experimental study was done to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of uropathogens from antenatal patients.
Method: Three hundred and ten asymptomatic women attending antenatal clinics were sampled for the presence of bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility test of isolates were carried out using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.
Result: The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was found to be 15.2%, and Proteus spp (49.0%) the most prevalent organism. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Proteus spp. and E. coli to some commonly prescribed antibiotics showed resistance to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, nalidixic acid and tetracycline (47- 100%). S. aureus showed resistance to ceftriaxone, nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, nalidixic acid and tetracycline (66.7-100%). The multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) observed in this study with reference to the tested antibiotics showed that 99.96% of the Proteus spp. isolates have MAR Index of 0.2 to 1.0, while 99.97% of the E. coli isolates have MAR Index of 0.2 to 1.0.
Conclusion: These call for rational use of antibiotics in antenatal clinics to limit the emergence and transmission of multiple antibiotic resistant strains, more so when there is a change of pattern in the prevailing organism in asymptomatic bacteriuria which must be treated in pregnancy in order to prevent adverse maternal and neonatal complications.
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