Hepatorenal indices of toxicity in rats treated with aqueous Khaya senegalensis stem bark extract Indices hépatorénaux de toxicité chez les rats traités avec un extrait aqueux d'écorce de tige de Khaya senegalensis
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Background: Therapeutic use of plant materials is not without toxic impacts on metabolic and excretory processes in the body.
Objective: This study investigated toxicological impacts of Khaya senegalensis stem bark using plasma levels of hepatic and renal dysfunction biomarkers.
Methods: Forty (40) Wistar rats divided into five equal groups (n=8) was administered with distil water (control) and graded doses of aqueous Khaya senegalensis stem bark extract (test) for eight weeks. Blood was collected to determine aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine and bilirubin (total and conjugated) levels. Liver and kidneys were harvested for histological studies.
Results: A significant increase (p<0.05) in AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, chloride and bicarbonate levels and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in total protein, albumin, globulin and conjugated bilirubin level was observed. Liver photomicrograph revealed prominent nuclei, kupffer cells, glycogen accumulation and nuclei fragments within the hepatocytes. Kidney photomicrograph showed poorly aligned podocytes within the glomerulus and Bowman capsule, increased capsular space, proximal and distal convoluted tubules with poorly outlined epithelia, and thinned-out appearances of Bowman's capsule epithelium.
Conclusion: Repeated administration of aqueous Khaya senegalensis stem bark extract is toxic to the liver and kidneys in a dose-dependent manner.
FRENCH
Contexte: L'utilisation thérapeutique de matières végétales n'est pas sans effets toxiques sur les processus métaboliques et excrétoires de l'organisme.
Objectif: Cette étude a examiné les effets toxicologiques de l'écorce de tige de Khaya senegalensis en mesurant les niveaux plasmatiques de biomarqueurs de dysfonctionnement hépatique et rénal.
Méthodes: Quarante (40) rats Wistar répartis en cinq groupes égaux (n = 8) ont reçu de l'eau distillée (témoin) et des doses graduées d'extrait aqueux d'écorce de tige de Khaya senegalensis (test) pendant huit semaines. Des prélèvements sanguins ont été effectués pour déterminer les taux d'aspartate transaminase (AST), d'alanine transaminase (ALT), de phosphatase alcaline (ALP), de protéines totales, d'albumine, d'urée, de créatinine et de bilirubine (totale et conjuguée). Le foie et les reins ont été prélevés pour des études histologiques.
Résultats: Une augmentation significative (p<0,05) des taux d'AST, d'ALT, d'ALP, d'urée, de créatinine, de bilirubine totale, de chlorure et de bicarbonate et une diminution significative (p<0,05) des taux de protéines totales, d'albumine, de globuline et de bilirubine conjuguée ont été observées. La photomicrographie du foie a révélé des noyaux proéminents, des cellules de Kupffer, une accumulation de glycogène et des fragments de noyaux dans les hépatocytes. La photomicrographie du rein a montré des podocytes mal alignés dans le glomérule et la capsule de Bowman, un espace capsulaire accru, des tubules contournés proximaux et distaux avec des épithéliums mal délimités et un amincissement de l'épithélium de la capsule de Bowman.
Conclusion: L'administration répétée d'extrait aqueux d'écorce de tige de Khaya senegalensis est toxique pour le foie et les reins de manière dose-dépendante.
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