Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of methanol extract and fractions of Glyphaea brevis (Spreng.) Monachino in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Glyphaea brevis, which has been reported to show considerable antibacterial, anti inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, was mentioned as a recipe for diabetes in our recent ethnomedicinal survey.
Objective: The present study investigated antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of methanol extract and fractions of Glyphaea brevis.
Methods: Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH assay. The antidiabetic effect of leaf extracts was evaluated on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Solvent fractions were evaluated for in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity using 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid assay.
Results: The TPC and TFC values of Glyphaea brevis leaf extract and its solvent fractions were comparable to that of gallic acid and quercetin included in the study as standard drugs. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity. The methanol leaf extract (1g/kg bw.) produced a significant antidiabetic activity (p<0.05) on day seven. Histopathological studies of the pancreas of the diabetic rats treated with G. brevis leaf extract showed comparable regeneration to glibenclamide-administered rats at of 1 mg/kg body weight. Solvent fractions effectively inhibited α-amylase.
Conclusion: Our study provides justification for the use of Glyphaea brevis leaf traditionally to manage diabetes. The polyphenolic constituents in the plant may be responsible for the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Share
References
Uddin N, Rakib H, Hossain M, Sarker A, Hasan NAHM, Islam MAF, Chowdhury MM, Rana S (2014). In vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity and in
vivo hypoglycemic effect of methanol extract of Citrus macroptera Montr. fruit. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 4(6):473-479.
Zanatta L, de Sousa E, Cazarolli LH, Junior AC, Pizzolatti MG, Szpoganicz B, Silva FR (2007). Effect of crude extract and fractions from Vitex
megapotamica leaves on hypoglycaemia in alloxan - diabeticrats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 109:151-155.
Mahananda S, Prova B, Amalesh S (2013). Study of hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of Leucas indica Linn. Aerial parts on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Research 5(2):50-55.
Nagappa AN, Thakurdesai PA, Rao VN, Singh J (2003). Antidiabetic activity of Terminalia catappa Linn. fruits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 88:45-50.
World Health Organization (2003) Diabetes. Geneva: WHO. http://www.who.int/ncd/dia/databases.4.htm6. Etuk, EU, Mohammed, BJ (2009). Informant consensus selection method: a reliability assessment on medicinal plants used in north western Nigeria for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 3:496-500.
Tripathy, S, Pradhan D, Anjana M (2010). Antiinflammatory and antiarthritic potential of Ammania baccifera Linn. International Journal of
Pharmacy and Biosciences 1:1-7.
Sreejalekshmi KG, Krishnan KA (2011). In: Sabu A, Roussos S, Aguilar CN (eds) Chemistry and biotechnology of polyphenols. CiBET Publishers, India
Ezuruike, UF, Prieto, JM (2014). The use of plants in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria: Pharmacological and toxicological
considerations. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 21 (5):598-672.
Maritim AC., Sanders RA, Watkins JB (2003). Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: A Review. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular
Toxicology 17 (1):24-38
Ruiz-Terán F, Medrano-Martínez A, NavarroOcaña A (2008). Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of plant extracts used in
traditional medicine in Mexico. African Journal of Biotechnology 7 (12):1886-1893.
Diogo C V, Suski J M, Lebiedzinska M, KarkucinskaWieckowska A, Wojtala A, Pronicki M, Duszynski J, Pinton P, Portincasa P, Oliveira PJ, Wieckowski MR (2013). Cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction during hyperglycemia--the role of oxidative stress and signaling. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 45(1):114-122.
American Diabetes Association (2012). Diagnosis and classification of Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 35(1).
Ozsoy N, Can A, Yanardag R, Akev N (2008). Antioxidant activity of Smilax excelsa leaf extracts. Food Chemistry 110:571-583.
Vaidya DB, Devasagayam PA (2007). Current status of herbal drugs in India: An overview. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 41:1-11.
Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C, Remesy C, and Jimenez L (2004). Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79:727-747.
Burkill HM. The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa. 2 (5) edn Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, London, 2008.
Oshomoh EO and Idu M (2012). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts of stem of Glyphaea brevis (Spreng.) Monachino on oral microorganisms. Pharmacognosy Journal 4 (33):23-30.
Konan KM, Mamyrbekova-Bekro JA, Bakalara N, Virieux D, Pirat J, Bekro Y (2014). HPLC analysis and cytotoxicity of n-Butanol extract from Glyphaea brevis roots against C6 Glioma Cells. Scientia Pharmaceutica 82:171-176.
Ogbonnia, Van Standen J, Jager AK, Coker HAB (2003). Anticonvulsant effect of Glyphaea Brevis (speng) Morachs leaf extract in mice and
phytochemical test. Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine 13:3-4.
Dickson RA, Ekuadzi E, Annan K, Komlaga G (2011). Antibacterial, anti-infl ammatory, and antioxidant effects of the leaves and stem bark of Glyphaea brevis (Spreng.) Monachino (Tiliaceae): A comparative study. Pharmacognosy Research 3 (3):166-172.
Gbolagade AA (2009). Inventory of antidiabetic plants in selected districts of Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121:135-139.
Gossan DPA, Magid AA, Kouassi-Yao PA, Behr J, Ahibo AC, Djakouré LA, Harakat D, VoutquenneNazabadioko L (2015). Glycosidase inhibitors from the roots of Glyphaea brevis. Phytochemistry 109:76-83
Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London, 1973.
Evans WC. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy: 13 edn., Bailliere Tindall, London, 1989.
Nabavi SM, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Bahramian F (2009). In vitro antioxidant activity of Phytolacca americana Berries. Pharmacology online 1:81-88.
Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Eslami B, Nabavi SM (2009). Antioxidant and antihemolytic potentials of Physospermum cornobiense (L.) DC. Pharmacology online 3: 394-403.
Lorke D (1983). A new approach to practical acute toxicity test. Arch Toxicol 54: 275-286.
Giordano BP, Thrash W, Hollenbaugh L, Dube WP, Hodges C, Swain A, Banion CR, Klingensmith GJ (1989). Performance of seven blood glucose testing systems at high altitude. Diabetes Education 15:444-448.
Roeschulau P, Bernt E, Gruber W (1974). Enzymaticdetermination of total serum cholesterol. Zeitschrift für Chemie und Biochemie 12: 226.
Muller PH, Schmulling RM, Liebich HM, Eggstein M (1977). A fully enzymatic triglyceride determination. Journal of Clinical Chemistry
Clinical Biochemistry 15:457-464.
Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CS, Richmond W, Fu PC (1974). Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clinical Chemistry 20:470-475.
Sasaki M (1966). A new ultramicro method for the determination of serum alkaline phosphatase. Use of Berthelot's reaction for the estimation of phenol released by enzymatic activity. Igaku To Seibutsugaku 70:208-214.
Ojelabi BA, Areola JO, Babalola OO (2012). Roles of Glyphaea brevis (Spreng) extract in cadmium induced hepatocellular damage and oxidative stress in rabbit. Journal of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research 3(7):123-128.
Ejikeme CM, Ezeonu CS, Eboatu AN (2014). Determination of physical and phytochemical constituents of some tropical timbers indigenous
to Niger Delta area of Nigeria. European Science Journal 10 (18):1857-7881.
Sofowora A 2008. Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa, 3rd Edition. John Wiley and sons Ltd. New York, pp. 199-202.
Ghoghari AM, Rajani M (2006). Densitometric determination of hecogenin from Agave americana leaf using HPTLC. Chromatografia 64:
-116.
Panda S and Kar A (2007). Annona squamosa seed extract in regulation of hyperthyroidism and lipidPeroxidation in mice: possible involvement of quercetin. Phytomedicine 14: 799-805.
Bendini A, Cerretani L, Pizzolante L, Toschi TG, Guzzo F, Ceoldo S, Marconi AM, Andreetta F, Levi M (2006). Phenol content related to antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Passiflora spp. extracts. European Food Research and Technology 223:102-109.
Anokwuru CP, Ajibaye O, Adesuyi A (2011). Comparative antioxidant activity of water extract of Azadiractha indica stem bark and Telfairia
occidentalis leaf. Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences 3:430-434.
Malinowska P (2013). Effect of flavonoids content on antioxidant activity of commercial cosmetic plant extracts. Herba Polonica 59 (3): 63-95.
Ebrahimzadeh MA, Bahramian F (2009). Antioxidant activity of Crataegus pentagina subsp. elbursis Fruits extracts used in traditional medicine in Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 12(5):413-419.
Jung UJ, Lee MK, Park YB, Kang MA, Choia MS (2006). Effect of Citrus flavonoids on lipid metabolism and glucose-regulating enzyme mRNA
levels in type 2 diabetic mice. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 38:1134-1145.
Salvamani S, Baskaran G, Noor AS, Siti AA, Mohd YS (2014). Antiartherosclerotic Effects of Plant Flavonoids. BioMed Res Int Article ID 480258, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/480258
Palvai VR, Urooj A (2014). Inhibition of 3-Hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase (Ex Vivo)by Morus indica (Mulberry). Chinese J Biol 2014, Article ID318561, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/318561
Ahmad OM, Moneim AA, Yazid IA, Mahmoud AM (2010). Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects and the probable
mechanisms of action of Ruta graveolens infusion and Rutin in Nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetologia Croatia 39:15-35.
Farswan M, Mazumber PM, Percha V (2009). Protective effect of Cassia glauca Linn. on the serum glucose and hepatic enzymes level in
streptozotocin induced NIDDM in rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 41(1):19-22.
Sharmila BG, Kumar G, Pandian MR (2007). Cholesterol lowering activity of the aqueous fruit extracts of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb (L.) in normal and STZ diabetic rats. Journal of Clinical Diagnostic Research 1:561-569.
Ghimeray, AK, Jin C, Ghimine BK, Cho DH (2009). Antioxidant activity and quantitative estimation of azadirachtin and nimbin in Azadirachta indica A. Juss. grown in foothills of Nepal. African Journal of Biotechnology 8:3084-3091.
Aloke C, Nwachukwu N, Idenyi JN, Ugwuja EI, Nwachi EU, Edeogu CO, Ogah O (2010). Hypoglycemic hypolipidemic effects of feed
formulated with Ceiba pentandra leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Austalian Journal of Basic and Applied Science 4(9):4473-4477.
Girija K, Lakshman K, Udaya Chandrika, Sabhya Sachi Ghosh, Divya T (2011). Anti-diabetic and anti-cholesterolemic activity of methanol extracts of three species of Amaranthus. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 5:133-138.
Daisy P, Feril GJK (2013). Hypolipideamic and hepatoprotective effect of Cassia auriculata Linn bark extracts on streptozotocin induced diabetics in male wistar albino rats. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 6(2):43-48.
Pincus MR, Schaffner JR 1996. Assessment of liver function in clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Matsuo T, Kashiwaki Y, Itoo S 1989. Membrane damage caused by exposure to butylhydroperoxide. Phytochemistry 28:1003-1006.
Jelodar G, Mohsen M and Shahram S (2003). Effect of walnut leaf, coriander and pomegranate on blood glucose and histopathological of pancreas of alloxan induced diabetic rats. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine 3:299-305.
Begum N and Shanmugasudnaram KR (1978). Tissue phosphates in experimental diabetes, arogya. Journal of Health Sciences 4:129-139.
Eichler HG, Korn A, Gasic S, Prison W, Businger J (1984). The effect of new specific α amylase inhibitor on post-prandial glucose and insulin
excursions in normal subjects and Type 2 (non insulin dependent) diabetic patients. Diabetologia 26(4):278-81.
Tarling CA, Woods K, Zhang R, Brastianos HC, Brayer GD, Andersen RJ, Withers SG (2008). The Search for Novel Human Pancreatic α-Amylase Inhibitors: High-Throughput Screening of Terrestrial and Marine Natural Product Extracts. ChemBioChem 9:433-438.
Kim YM, Jeong YK, Wang MH, Lee WY, Rhee HI (2005). Inhibitory effect of Pine on hyperglycemia. Nutrition 21:756-761.
Farsi E, Shafaei A, Hor SY, Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed, FeiYam M, Attitalla IH, Asmawi MZ, Ismail Z (2011). Correlation between enzymes
inhibitory effects and antioxidant activities of standardized fractions of methanolic extract obtained from Ficus deltoidea leaves. African
Journal of Biotechnology 10(67):15184-15194. Adesegun SA, Fayemiwo O, Odufuye B Coker HAB (2013). α-amylase inhibition and antioxidant
activity of Pterocarpus osun Craib. Journal of Natural Product 6:90-95.