Pre-concentration technique of zinc and copper in water employing dithizone functionalized strong anionic exchange SPE cartridges
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: A simple, selective and rapid method for determining trace amounts of Cu and Zn in water samples using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) was investigated.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of dithizone functionalized strong anionic exchange (SAX) pre-packed SPE cartridges for pre-concentration of Znand Cu in water samples, prior to analysis by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS). This is by focusing on the optimization of recoveries of Zn and Cuin water at varied conditions of pH, volume of sample and eluting solvent.
Materials and Methods: Pre-concentration of metals was by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) employing dithizone functionalized strong anionic exchange pre-packed cartridges (SAX SPE). Recoveries on SPE were optimized by varying several parameters including pH, volume of sample, volumes of HCl used as eluting solvent and effect of co-retained metal ions.
Results: Recoveries for the unmodified SAX SPE cartridge were 11.41% and 12.90% for Cu and Zn at pH 7.4, when the sample and eluting volumes were 100 mL and 15 mL respectively. The dithizone functionalized SPE when compared to unmodified SPE had improved recoveries for Cu (31.60%) and Zn (29.00%) at optimized conditions of pH 7.4, sample volume, 100 ml, while the eluent volume (HCl) was 20 and 25 mL respectively. The technique of functionalizing SAX pre-parked SPE with dithizone resulted in improved recoveries.
Conclusion: This method could be of great potential for determination of Cu and Zn in water samples, hence warrants further investigation.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Share
References
Bulut Y, Tez Z. (2007). Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by sawdust adsorption. Journal of Environmental Science 19(2): 160–166.
Mohammadi SZ, Afzali D, Pourtalebi D. (2011). Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace amounts of palladium, gold
and nickel after cloud point extraction. Journal of Analytical Chemistry 66(7): 620–625.
Silva EL, Ganzarolli EM, Carask E. (2004). Use of NbO - SiOinan automatedon - line 252 preconcentration system for determination of
copper and cadmium by FAAS. Talanta 62, 727-733.
Tzvetkova P, Nickolov R (2012). Modified and unmodified silica gel used for heavy metal ions removal from aqueous solutions. Journal of the
University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy 2012; 47(5), 498-504.
Shamsipur M, Ghiasvand AR, Sharghi H. (2002). Preconcentration of Ultra Trace Hg(II) in Aqueous Samples on Octadecyl Silica Membrane Disks Modified by Dibenzodiazathia-18-Crown-6-Dione and Its Determination by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. International
Journal of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry 82: 23-30.
Zh L, Changa X, Zoua X, Niea R, Zh H and Lia R. (2009). Chemically-Modified Activated Carbon with Ethyl-enedia-Mine for Selective Solid-Phase Extraction and Preconcentration of Metal Ions. Analytica Chimica Acta 632 (2): 272-277.
Burham N, Abdel-Azeem SM, El-Shahat F. (2008). Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Tap Water and Ap-ple Leaves aftePreconcentration on a New Acetylace-tone Bonded Polyurethane Foam Sorbent. International Journal of EnvironmentalAnalytical Chemistry 88 (11): 775-789.
Akira S, Masahide Y, Hiroshi Y, Hiroshi F, Shigeaki I, Kouko T, Yoshiko T. (2002). Identification of insulinproducing cells derived from embryonic stem cells by zinc-chelating dithizone. Stem Cells 20(4): 284-292.
Manzoori JL, Karim-Nezhad G. (2003). Selective cloud point extraction and preconcentration of trace amounts of silver as a dithizone complex prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination. Analityca Chimica Acta 484(2):155-161.
Ahalya N, Ramachandra TV, Kanamadi RD. (2003). Biosorption of heavy metals. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 7:71-78.
Govindaraju M, Shekar HS. (2011).The role copper in clinics of neurological disorder. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry 1:320–328
Croot PL, Moffett JW, Brand LE. (2000). Production of extracellular Cu complexing ligands by eucaryotic phytoplankton in response to Cu stress. Limnology and Oceanography 45:619- 627.
Kazi T, Wadhwa SK, Afridi HI, Kazi N, Kandhro GA, Baig J.A, Shah AQ, Kolach NF. (2010). Interaction of cadmium and zinc in biological samples of smokers and chewing tobacco female mouth cancer patients. Journal Hazardous Materials 176: 985-991.
Storelli MM, Barone G, Storelli A, Marcotrigiano GO. (2006). Trace metals in tissues of Mugilids (Mugil auratus, Mugil capito and Mugil labrosus) from the Mediterranean Sea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 77:43-50.
Jimoh T, Egila JN, Dauda BEN, Iyaka YA. (2011). Preconcentration and removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using modified charcoal. Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology 3(9): 236-241.
Acar O. (2004). Determination of lead, copper, manganese and zinc in botanic and other biological samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using scandium- containing chemical modified. Analytical Chimica Acta 526: 103 -109.
Nomizu T, Hayashi H, Hoshino N, Tanaka T, Kawaguchi H, Kitagawa K, Kaneco S. (2002). Determination of Zinc in Individual Airborne
Particles by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry with Digital Signal Processing. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 17:592–595.
Sreenivasa Rao K, Balaji T, Prasada Rao T, Babu Y, Naidu GRK. (2002). Determination of iron, cobalt,nickel, manganese, zinc, copper, cadmium and lead in human hair by inductively coupled plasmaatomic emission spectrometry,” Spectrochimica Acta B 57(8): 1333–1338.
Dutra RL, Maltez HF, Carasek E. (2006). Development of an on-line preconcentration system for zinc determination in biological samples.
Talanta 69(2): 488 -493.
Davarani SSH, Sheijooni-Fumani N, Najarian AM, Mohammad - Ali T, Vahidi S. (2011). Preconcentration of Lead in Sugar Samples by Solid
Phase Extraction and Its Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2:626-631.
Matoso E, Kubota LT, Cadore S. (2003). Use of silica gel chemically modified with zirconium phosphate for preconcentration and determination of lead and copper by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 60: 1105-1111.
Shao-Song Qian , Hai-Hua Li , Hui Zhu , Zhong-Ming Yang , Zhong-Lu You & Hai-Liang Zhu (2013). Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Thermal Stability and Fluorescence Properties of Zinc (II) Complexes With Tridentate Schiff Bases. Journal of Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and NanoMetal Chemistry 43(4): 412-416