Anti-inflammatory activity of the fruit extracts of Carpolobia lutea G. DON (Polygalaceae)
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Carpolobia lutea G. Don (Polygalaceae) fruits are used traditionally in treating fever, infections and inflammatory conditions.
Objectives: The study sought to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and anti-inflammatory potentials of the fruit extracts of C. lutea.
Methods: Successive extraction was done with methanol (CLFME), n-hexane (CLFn-HE), chloroform (CLFCHE), and ethylacetate (CLFETE). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vivo using carrageenan-induced paw oedema and xylene-induced ear oedema models. The phytochemical constituents were identified using gaschromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
Results: CLFME (200 mg/kg) significantly (P< 0.05) inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema (83.66%) and xylene induced ear oedema (89.85%). CLFn-HE, CLFCHE, and CLFETE (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw oedema with percentage inhibitions of 60.00, 70.00 and 65.00%, respectively. Moreover, CLFn-HE, CLFCHE, and CLFETE (200 mg/kg), reduced xylene-induced ear oedema by 69.14, 71.60, and 69.14%, respectively. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopic (GC–MS) analysis of CLFn-HE afforded oleic acid, squalene, cis-vaccenic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid (Z) methyl ester, cis- 13-octadecenoic acid and nonacosane. CLFCHE was subjected to column chromatography, fraction-31 showed a single spot using Thin layer chromatography (TLC) (n-hexane:ethylacetate, 5:5) with an Rf value of 0.70. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopic (LC-MS) analysis of fraction-31 afforded four peaks with retention times of 0.058, 1.161, 1.572 and 3.080 min, with similar abundant ions (Base peak) of 81.1 and molecular ion (M+) of 208.2 indicating the presence of isomeric compounds.
Conclusion: The fruit extract of C. lutea possess anti-inflammatory effects which may be mediated through inhibition or release of inflammatory mediators. Thus, C. lutea fruit extract could be a potential phytotherapeutic agent in the management of inflammatory disorders.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Share
References
Osadebe PO and Okoye FBC (2003). Antiinflammatory effect of crude methanolic extract and fractions of A.cordifolia. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 89(1):19-24.
Jain KN, Kulkarni KS, Singh A (2002). Modulation of NSAID -induced antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects by adrenoceptor agonists with gastroprotective effects. Life sciences 70(24): 2857-2869.
Nwidu L, Nwafor PA, Vilegas W (2015). The aphrodisia cherb Carpolobia: A biopharmacological and phytochemical review. Pharmacognosy Reviews 9:132-139.
Kayode J, Omotoyinbo MA (2008). "Cultural erosion and biodiversity : conserving chewing stick knowledge in ekiti state, Nigeria" African
scientist; 9(1): 41-51.
Etukudo A (2003). Ethnobotany: conventional and traditional use of plants. Verdict Press Limited, Uyo. Archives of Applied Science
Research 2(5):184-198.
Ettebong E. and Nwafor P. (2009). In vitro antimicrobial activities of extracts of Carpolobia lutea root. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, 22 (3): 335-338.
Malcolm SA, and Sofowora EA. (1969). Antimicrobial selected folk remedies and their constituent plants. Lloydia 32(4):512-517.
Iwu MM, Ayanwu BN. (1982). Phytotherapeutic profile of Nigerian Herbs: Antiinflammatory and Antiarthritic agents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 6, (3):263-274.
Nwidu LL, Nwafor PA. (2009). Gastroprotective effects of leaf extracts of Carpolobia lutea (Polygalaceae) G. Don. in rats. African Journal of
Biotechnology, 8(12), 15-19.
Nwidu LL., Nwafor PA., da Silva VC., Rodrigues CM., dos Santos LC, and Vilegas, W. (2011). Antinociceptive effects of Carpolobia lutea G. Don (Polygalaceae) leaf fractions in animal models. Inflammopharmacology (DOI10.1007/s10787-010-0076-y).
Ajibesin KK. (2005). Chemical and antimicrobial studies of the constituents of selected medicinal plants of Akwa Ibom State. A Ph.D Thesis of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, pp.79-83.
Philip AI, Jones OM, and Herbert AO. (2005). Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening ofthree Nigerian medicinal plants used to treat infectious diseases traditionally. Journal Pharmacy and Bioresources 2(2): 116-119.
Nwafor PA, Bassey A1. (2007). Evaluation of the antidiarheal and antiulcerogenic potential of ethanol extract of carpolobialutea leaves in
rodent. Journals of Ethnophamacology 111(3): 619-624.
Bero J, Ganfon H, Jonville M.C., Frédérich M., Gbaguidi F., DeMol P., Moudachirou M., QuetinLeclercq J. (2009). In vitro antiplasmodial activity of plants used in Benin in traditional medicine to treat malaria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 122: 439-444.
Mitaine-Offer AC, Miyamoto T, Khan IA, Delaude C and Lacaille-Dubois MA. (2002). Three new triterpene saponins from two species of
Carpolobia. Journal of Natural product. 65: 553-557.
Ajibesin KK, Ekpo AB, Bala DN, Essien EE, Adesanya SA. (2007). Ethnobotanical survey of Awa Ibom State of Nigeria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115, 387-40.
Lewis WH, Elvin-Lewis MP. (1977). Medical Botany. New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 1-51.
Stephanie TG, Joel YG, Alambert TT (2015). Phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity of Carpolobia lutea and Anchomanesdifformis.
International Journals of Pharma Sciences and Research 6(5): 909-912.
Winter CA, Risley EA, Nuss GW (1962). Carrageenin-induced edema in hind paw of the rat as an assay for antiiflammatory drugs. Proceedings Of Society Of Experimental Biology. 111:544-547
Ayoola GA, Akpanika GA, Awobajo FO, Sofidiya MO, Osunkalu VO, Coker HAB, Odugbemi T (2012). Anti-inflammatory properties of the fruits of Allanblanckia floribunda Oliv. (Gutifera). Botany Research; 2(1): 21-26.
Ishola IO, Akindele AJ, Adeyemi OO (2011). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae)
methanolicroot extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology; 135(1): 55-62.
Abuajah CI, Ogbonna AC, Osuji CM (2015). Functional components and medicinal properties of food: a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 52(5): 2522-2529.
Toiu A, Mocan A, Vlase L, Pârvu AE, Vodnar DC, Gheldiu AM, Moldovan C, Oniga I (2018). Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant,
Antimicrobial and in Vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity of Traditionally Used Romanian Ajuga laxmannii (Murray) Benth. ("Nobleman's Beard" -
Barba Împ?ratului). Frontiers in Pharmacology. 9:7.
Field CJ. (2009). Human health benefits of vaccenic acid. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism 34 (5): 979-91.
Aparna V, Dileep KV, Mandal PK, Karthe P, Sadasivan C, Haridas M (2012). Anti-inflammatory property of n-hexadecenoic acid: Structural evidence and kinetic assessment. Chemical Biology and Drug Design 80: 434-439.
Carrillo C, Cavia M and Alonso-Torre S. Role of Oleic acid in immune System; mechanism of action; a Review. Nutritional Hospital 2012; 27: 978-990.
Phelan KM, Mosholder AD. (2003). Lithium interaction with the cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors rofecoxib and celecoxib and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 64 (11): 1328-1334.
Cuzzocrea S, Zingarelli B, Gilad E, Hake P, Salzman AL, Szabó C (1997). Protective effect of melatonin in carrageenan - inducedmodelsoflocal inflammation: relationship to its inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production and its peroxynitrite scavenging activity. Journal of Pineal Research. 23 (2):106-116.
Ishola IO, Agbaje EO, Narender T, Adeyemi, OO. Shukla R. (2012). Bioactivity guided isolation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory constituents of Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) root. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 142 (2): 383 - 9.
Ishola IO, Awodele O, Oreagba IA, Murtala AA, Chijioke MC. (2013). Antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antiulcerogenic activities of
ethanol root extract of Strophanthus hispidus DC (Apocynaceae). Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology. 24(4): 277-286.