Some chemical characteristics of novel hemicellulosic Gums From seeds of Afzelia africana and Prosopis africana
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Determination of chemical characteristics of a pharmaceutical excipient is important for establishing its compatibility with different drugs.
Objective: This study investigates some chemical characteristics of novel hemicellulosic gums extracted from seeds of Afzelia africana and Prosopis africana.
Methods: The afzelia gum (AFG), prosopis gum (PRG) and sodium carboxylmethylcellulose (SCMC) were subjected to ash value evaluation, pH determination, atomic absorption spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared analysis and X-ray powder diffraction.
Results: Afzelia seeds gave a yield of 17 % gum while prosopis seeds gave a yield of 18.2 %. There was no significant difference in the yield of hemicelluloses from the two seeds. AFG gave a significantly higher ash value compared to PRG signifying the presence of higher amount of inorganic substances. There was no significant difference in the pH of their dispersions. The two hemicelluloses contain significantly higher amount of potassium and magnesium ions compared to SCMC. The three polymers manifested similar X-ray diffraction patterns showing that they are closely related.
Conclusion: The two hemicellulosic gums can be differentiated from synthetic cellulose derivatives like SCMC on the basis of their potassium and magnesium content. However, being cellulose-related, they are all characterized by similar X-ray diffraction patterns. The type and level of the different metal ions present in the gums reflect their compatibility or otherwise with different types of drugs.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Share
References
Scheller HV (2010). Hemicelluloses. Annual Rev. Plant Biology 61 (1): 263-289.
Munoz J, Rincon F, Alfaro MC, Zapata I, Fuente J, Beltran O, dePinto GL (2007). Rheological properties and surface tension of Acacia tortuosa.
Carbohydrate Pol. 70: 198 – 205.
Ren Y, Picout DR, Ellis PR, Ross-Murphy SB, Reid JS (2005). A novel xyloglucan from seeds of Afzelia africana Pers.: extraction, characterization, and conformational properties. Carbohydrate Res. 340: 997-1005.
Bigand V, Pinel C, Da Silva-Perez D, Rataboul F, Petit Conil M, Huber P (2013). Influence of solid phase preparation of cationic hemicelluloses on physical properties of paper. Bioresources 8 (2): 2118-2134.
Ofori-Kwakye K, Asantewaa Y, Kipo SL (2010). Physicochemical and binding properties of cashew tree gum in metronidazole tablet formulation. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2 (4): 105-109.
Builders PF, Chukwu C, Obidike I, Builders MI, Attama AA, Adikwu MU (2009). A novel xyloglucan gum from seeds of Afzelia africana Se. Pers.: Some functional and physicochemical properties. Int. J. Green Pharm. 3 (2): 112 – 118.
Agboola DA (2004). Prosopis africana (Mimosaceae): Stem, roots and seeds in the economy of the savanna areas of Nigeria. Economy
Botany 58 (suppl): 34-42.
Ezike AC, Akah PA, Okoli CO, Udegbunam S, Okumni N, Okeke C, Iloan O (2010). Medicinal plants used in wound dressing: A case study of Prosopis africana (Fabaceae) stem bark. Ind. J. Pharm. Sci. 72 (3): 334-339.
Attama AA, Adikwu MU, Okoli N (2000). Studies in bioadhesive granules 1: Granules formulated with Prosopis africana gum. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 48 (5):734-737.
Billany MR (2007). Suspensions and emulsions. In: Aulton ME, editor. The Design and Manufacture of Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier, p. 383-405.
Maciel JS, Silva DA, Paulla HCB, dePaula RCM (2005). Chistosan/carboxyl methyl cashew gum polyelectrolyte complex: Synthesis and thermal stability. Eur. Pol. J. 41 (11): 2726-2733.
Ogaji IS, Nep EI, Audu-Peters (2012). Advances in natural polymers as excipients. Pharm. Analy. Acta vol. 3 art. 146.
Adikwu MU, Yoshikwa Y, Kanji T (2003). Bioadhesive delivery of metformin using prosopis gum with antidiabetic potential. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 26 (5): 662-666.
Ibezim EC, Khanna M, Singh S, Uzuebenam CE (2006). Afzelia africana seed gum: potential binder for tablet formulations. J. Phytomed. Therap. 11:38-48.
Zhou D (2009). Understanding physicochemical properties for pharmaceutical product development and manufacturing II: Physical and
chemical stability and excipient compatibility. J. Validation Tech. Summer: 36-47.
United States Pharmacopoeia 31 – NF 26 (2008) [cited 2013 Sep 12]. Available from: http: //www.uspnf.com. p. 736.
Coutts RT (2008). Infrared Spectroscopy. In: Chatten LG, editor. Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Instrumental Techniques. New Delhi, India: CBS Publishers and Distributors PVT Ltd., p. 59 – 125.