Characterization of modified tiger nut (<i>Cyperus esculentus</i>) starches: mechanical, compaction and drug release properties

Main Article Content

Judith E. Azaka
Sylvester O. Eraga
Matthew I. Arhewoh
Ogbonna Okorie

Abstract

Background: Starch is a biopolymer generally used as excipient in drug formulations due to its availability, affordability, biocompatibility, inertness and biodegradability.


Objective: This study evaluated the mechanical, compaction and compressibility characteristics of modified starches from Cyperus esculentustubers in directly compressed metronidazole tablet formulations.


Methods: The native starch extracted by maceration in water was modified via acid hydrolysis (ACS), pregelatinization (PCS) and enzyme hydrolysis (ECS). The modified starches were used in formulating metronidazole tablets at various compression pressures by direct compression. Their powder blends were assessed using the Kawakita model whereas the tablets were assessed for mechanical (crushing and tensile strengths) and compaction (Heckel model) properties in comparison with tablets prepared with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC).


Results: Kawakita analysis revealed that ECS powder exhibited the highest compressibility and also the least cohesive. ECS-based tablets showed acceptable mechanical properties and also had the fastest onset of plastic deformation with low mean yield pressure value (Py (62.79 MN/m2)) and inverse measure of plastic deformation value (Pk (3.344)).


Conclusion: Enzyme hydrolysis of C. esculentus starch resulted in a filler/binder modified product with direct compressibility property, which may be a substitute to microcrystalline cellulose in direct compression of tablets.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Azaka, J. E., Eraga, S. O., Arhewoh, M. I., & Okorie, O. (2024). Characterization of modified tiger nut (<i>Cyperus esculentus</i>) starches: mechanical, compaction and drug release properties. West African Journal of Pharmacy, 35(2), 101-117. https://doi.org/10.60787/wajp.vol35no2.359
Section
Articles
Author Biography

Sylvester O. Eraga, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.

Telephone: +2348030884928

How to Cite

Azaka, J. E., Eraga, S. O., Arhewoh, M. I., & Okorie, O. (2024). Characterization of modified tiger nut (<i>Cyperus esculentus</i>) starches: mechanical, compaction and drug release properties. West African Journal of Pharmacy, 35(2), 101-117. https://doi.org/10.60787/wajp.vol35no2.359

Share

References

Lukova P, Katsarov P, Pilicheva B (2023). Application of starch, cellulose, and their derivatives in the development of microparticle drug-delivery

systems. Polymers 15(17):3615.

Alwossabi A, Elamin ES, Ahmed EMM, Abdelrahman M (2021). Natural excipients applications in conventional pharmaceutical formulations - Part I. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 10: 397.

Kute VG, Patil RS, Kute VG, Kaluse PD (2023). Immediate-release dosage form; focus on disintegrants use as a promising excipient. Journal of

Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 13(9):170-180.

Bhatt P, Kumar V, Goel R, Sharma SK, Kaushik S, Sharma S, Shrivastava A, Tesema M (2022). Structural modifications and strategies for native

starch for applications in advanced drug delivery. Biomed Research International 10:2188940.

Fan Y, Picchioni F (2020). Modification of starch: A review on the application of "green" solvents and controlled functionalization. Carbohydrate

Polymers 241:116350.

Ojogbo E, Ogunsona EO, Mekonnen TH (2020). Chemical and physical modifications of starch for renewable polymeric materials. Materials Today 7-8:100028.

Wünsch I, Finke JH, John E, Juhnke M, Kwade A (2019). A mathematical approach to consider solid compressibi l it y in the compression of

pharmaceutical powders. Pharmaceutics 11(3):121.

Yu Y, Lu X, Zhang T, Zhao C, Guan S, Pu Y, Gao F (2022). Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.): Nutrition, processing, function and applications. Foods 11(4):601.

Suleiman MS, Olajide JE, Omale JA, Abbah OC, Ejembi DO (2018). Proximate composition, mineral and some vitamin contents of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus). Clinical Investigation (Lond.) 8(4), 161-165.

Azaka JE, Eraga SO, Arhewoh MI, Ofoefule SI and Okorie O (2022). Characterization of modified tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) starches: Functional and physicotechnical properties. RADS Journal Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences. 10(4):137-148.

Frenning G, Mahmoodi F, Nordstrom G (2009). An effective medium analysis of confined compression of granular materials. Powder Technology 194(3):228-232.

Ogaji I, Okafor IS (2009). Binding effects of two brands of pre-gelatinised starch on acetaminophen tablets in a wet granulation process. Nigeria Journal Pharmaceutical Sciences. 8(1):54-65.

British Pharmacopeia Vol. I and II. Her Majesty's Stationary Office, Cambridge, UK: University Press, 2002.

Isah AB, Abdulsamad A, Gwarzo MS, Abbah HM (2009). Evaluation of the disintegrating properties of microcrystalline starch obtained from cassava in metronidazole tablets. Nigeria Journal Pharmaceutical Sciences. 8(2):26-35.

British Pharmacopoeia. Her Majesty's Stationary Office, Cambridge, UK: University Press, 2010.

Adeleye OA (2019). Relationship between compression pressure, mechanical strength and release properties of tablets. Polimer Medicine

(1):27-33.

Markl D, Zeitler JA (2017). A review of disintegration mechanisms and measurement techniques. Pharmacy Research. 34(5):890-917.

Okunlola A (2020). Optimization of formulations of chloroquine phosphate tablets containing Ofada rice (Oryza glaberrina) starch as a binder: A Taguchi based grey-relational design. Journal Excipients and Food Chemicals 11(3):62-75.

Ogunjimi AT, Alebiowu G (2014). Neem gum as a binder in a formulated paracetamol tablet with reference to acacia gum BP. AAPS Pharmaceutical Science Technology. 15(2):500-510.

Heckel RW (1961). An analysis of powder compaction phenomena. Transactions Metallurgical Society AIME. 221: 1001-1008.

Odeku OA, Itiola OA (2007). Compaction properties of three types of starch. Iran Journal Pharmaceutical Research. 6(1):17-23.

Odeku OA, Awe OO, Popoola B, Odeniyi MA, Itiola OA (2005). Compression and mechanical properties of tablet formulations containing corn, sweet potato and cocoyam starches as binders. Pharmaceutical Technology. 29(4):82-90.

Odeku OA, Schmid W, Picker-Freyer KM (2008). Material and tablet properties of pre-gelatinized (thermally modified) Dioscorea starches. European Journal Pharmaceutics Biopharmaceutics. 70(1):357-371.

Chang SY. Interfacial bonding strength in bi-layer tablets - Mechanism and engineering. Doctor of Philosophy thesis, University of Minnesota. 2019.

Chee TL, Majid FAA, Iqbal MC (2017). Development of diabecine tablet and confirmation of its physical properties and pharmaceutical safety analysis. Sains Malaysia. 46(4):597-604.

Ahmed A, Ali SA, Hassan F, Ali SS, Haque N (2000). Dissolution rate studies on acetaminophen tablets. Pakistan Journal Pharmaceutical Sciences. 13(2):39-43.

Thapa P, Choi DH, Kim MS, Jeong SH (2019). Effects of granulation process variables on the physical properties of dosage forms by combination of experimental design and principal component analysis. Asian Journal Pharmaceutical Sciences. 14(3):287-304.

Akin-Ajani OD, Itiola OA, Odeku OA (2016). Evaluation of the disintegrant properties of native and modified forms of fonio and sweet potato

starches. Starch/Stärke. 68(1-2):169-174.

Rahman BM, Ibne-Wahed MI, Khondkar P, Ahmed M, Islam R, Barman RK, Islam MA (2008). Effect of starch 1500 as a binder and disintegrant in lamivudine tablets prepared by high shear wet granulation. Pakistan Journal Pharmaceutical Sciences. 21(4):455-459.

Alebiowu G, Itiola OA (2003). The influence of pregelatinised starch disintegrants on interacting variables that act on disintegrant properties. Pharmaceutical Technology. 27(8):28-32.

Amornrojvaravut C, Peerapattana J (2023). Application of co-precipitated glutinous rice starch as a multifunctional excipient in direct compression tablets. Heliyon. 9:e19904.

Park S, Kim YR (2021). Clean label starch: production, physicochemical characteristics, and industrial applications. Food Science Biotechnology. 30:1-17.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.