Unraveling the anxiolytic and antidepressant potential of Chromolaena odorata extract: a preclinical investigation Exploration du potentiel anxiolytique et antidépresseur de l'extrait de <i>Chromolaena odorata</i>: une étude préclinique
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Background: Chromolaena odorata Linn (L.) (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various ailments, including anxiety and depression. However, its neuropharmacological properties have not been extensively studied.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of C. odorata extract and explore its possible mechanism of action.
Methods: Acute oral toxicity testing was performed following OECD guidelines, and qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out using standardized procedures. The anxiolytic effects of C. odorata extract were evaluated using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, while its antidepressant activity was evaluated through the tail suspension test (TST). The extract was administered to mice at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, with behavioral parameters carefully recorded over a five-minute observation period. At the fourteen day experimental period, the animals were euthanized using ethyl ether, and brain samples were collected to analyze serotonin and noradrenaline levels, and to evaluate In-vivo brain antioxidant activity.
Results: The result revealed that the LD50 of C. odorata extract was greater 2 g/kg. In the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) test, the extract significantly increased the time spent (P<0.01; 400 mg/kg) and the frequency of exploratory behaviors (P<0.05; 400 mg/kg) in the open arms, while significantly reducing the time spent (P<0.01; 200-400 mg/kg) and the frequency of exploration (P<0.05, 0.01; 200-400 mg/kg) in the closed arms in comparison to the distilled water control group. In the Tail Suspension Test (TST), the extract significantly decreased the duration of immobility (P<0.05-0.001; 100-400 mg/kg) relative to the distilled water treated group. Furthermore, at 400 mg/kg, the extract significantly elevated serotonin (P<0.01) and noradrenaline (P<0.0001) levels compared to the negative control. The extract also demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, enhancing brain antioxidative biomarker levels.
Conclusion: This study highlights the anxiolytic and antidepressant potential of C. odorata extract. Its antidepressant effects may be attributed to increased serotonin and noradrenaline levels, along with the inhibition of oxidative radical generation.
FRENCH
Contexte: Le Chromolaena odorata Linn (L.) (Asteraceae) est une plante médicinale traditionnellement utilisée pour traiter diverses affections, notamment l'anxiété et la dépression. Cependant, ses propriétés neuropharmacologiques n'ont pas fait l'objet d'études approfondies.
Objectif: Cette étude vise à examiner les effets anxiolytiques et antidépresseurs de l'extrait de C. odorata et à explorer son mécanisme d'action possible.
Méthodes: Des tests de toxicité orale aiguë ont été réalisés conformément aux lignes directrices de l'OCDE, et une analyse phytochimique qualitative a été effectuée selon des procédures normalisées. Les effets anxiolytiques de l'extrait de C. odorata ont été évalués à l'aide du test du labyrinthe en croix surélevé (EPM), tandis que son activité antidépressive a été évaluée à l'aide du test de suspension de la queue (TST). L'extrait a été administré à des souris à des doses de 100, 200 et 400 mg/kg, et les paramètres comportementaux ont été soigneusement enregistrés sur une période d'observation de cinq minutes. Au bout de la période expérimentale de quatorze jours, les animaux ont été euthanasiés à l'éther éthylique, et des échantillons de cerveau ont été prélevés pour analyser les taux de sérotonine et de noradrénaline, et pour évaluer l'activité in vivo antioxydante cérébrale.
Résultats: Les résultats ont révélé que la DL50 de l'extrait de C. odorata était supérieure à 2 g/kg. Dans le test du labyrinthe en croix surélevé (EPM), l' extrait a augmenté de manière significative le temps passé (P<0,01 ; 400 mg/kg) et la fréquence des comportements exploratoires (P<0,05 ; 400 mg/kg) dans les bras ouverts, tout en réduisant de manière significative le temps passé (P<0,01 ; 200-400 mg/kg) et la fréquence d'exploration (P<0,05, 0,01 ; 200-400 mg/kg) dans les bras fermés par rapport au groupe témoin à l'eau distillée. Dans le test de suspension de la queue (TST), l'extrait a réduit de manière significative la durée d'immobilité (P<0,05-0,001 ; 100-400 mg/kg) par rapport au groupe traité à l'eau distillée. En outre, à 400 mg/kg, l'extrait a augmenté de manière significative les taux de sérotonine (p<0,01) et de noradrénaline (p<0,0001) par rapport au témoin négatif. L'extrait a également démontré une activité antioxydante significative, augmentant les niveaux de biomarqueurs antioxydants cérébraux.
Conclusion: Cette étude met en évidence le potentiel anxiolytique et antidépresseur de l'extrait de C. odorata. Ses effets antidépresseurs pourraient être attribués à l'augmentation des taux de sérotonine et de noradrénaline, ainsi qu'à l'inhibition de la production de radicaux oxydatifs.
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