Toxicological evaluation of a complementary medicine for insomnia in rodents Évaluation toxicologique d'un médicament complémentaire contre l'insomnie chez les rongeurs
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Abstract
Background: Relaxing Tea is a herbal remedy widely used in Nigeria in the management of insomnia. Given than literature data have highlighted the possibility of adverse effects, sometimes life-threatening, arising from the use of herbal remedies, we conducted an extensive toxicological evaluation of this complementary medicine.
Method: In an acute toxicity test, mice were orally administered Relaxing Tea up to 6000 mg/kg. Analyses of rat tissue and serum biochemical, haematological, and semen parameters were carried out following daily administration of Relaxing Tea at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg orally for 90 days. Histology of critical organs was also conducted.
Result: Relaxing Tea at 6000 mg/kg was non-lethal in mice. Daily dosing of Relaxing Tea for 90 days resulted in increased serum levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, urea, and triglycerides, as well as an increase in sperm percentage abnormality. In contrast, there were decreases in kidney catalase, glutathione, and sperm counts compared to the control group (saline 10 ml/kg). However, there were no significant differences in weight, haematological parameters, serum and liver anti-oxidant parameters. Treated rats also showed signs of oedema in the brain, congestion of liver blood vessels, and degeneration of the seminiferous tubules, but no toxic effect on kidneys histologically.
Conclusion: These results suggest that Relaxing Tea may not be considered safe following long-term exposure.
Résumé
Contexte: La tisane relaxante est un remède à base de plantes largement utilisé au Nigéria pour le traitement de l'insomnie. Compte tenu des données publiées soulignant la possibilité d'effets indésirables, parfois mortels, liés à l'utilisation de remèdes à base de plantes, nous avons mené une évaluation toxicologique approfondie de cette médecine complémentaire.
Méthode: Lors d'un test de toxicité aiguë, des souris ont reçu par voie orale une tisane relaxante jusqu'à une dose de 6 000 mg/kg. Des analyses biochimiques, hématologiques et spermatiques ont été réalisées sur des tissus et du sérum de rats après administration quotidienne de tisane relaxante par voie orale à des doses de 100, 200 et 400 mg/kg pendant 90 jours. Une analyse histologique des organes vitaux a également été effectuée.
Résultats: L'infusion relaxante à la dose de 6 000 mg/kg n'était pas létale chez la souris. L'administration quotidienne de cette infusion pendant 90 jours a entraîné une augmentation des taux sériques d'aspartate aminotransférase (AST), d'alanine aminotransférase (ALT), de créatinine, d'urée et de triglycérides, ainsi qu'une augmentation du pourcentage d'anomalies spermatiques. En revanche, on a observé une diminution de la catalase rénale, du glutathion et du nombre de spermatozoïdes par rapport au groupe témoin (solution saline à 10 ml/kg). Cependant, aucune différence significative n'a été constatée en ce qui concerne le poids, les paramètres hématologiques, ainsi que les paramètres antioxydants sériques et hépatiques. Les rats traités ont également présenté des signes d'œdème cérébral, de congestion des vaisseaux sanguins hépatiques et de dégénérescence des tubes séminifères, sans effet toxique observable sur les reins à l'examen histologique.
Conclusion: Ces résultats suggèrent que la tisane relaxante pourrait ne pas être considérée comme sûre en cas d'exposition prolongée.
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