Physicochemical and rheological characterization of Cissus populnea gum extracted by different solvents
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Abstract
Background: The use of synthetic excipients has been associated with mucosal irritation and high cost; hence the use of natural excipients and their semi synthetic derivatives in drug delivery continues to be an area of active research.
Objectives: To determine the effect of extraction solvents on the physicochemical and rheological properties of Cissus gum and its suitability as a pharmaceutical excipient.
Material and Methods: Cissus gum was obtained from incised stem of Cissus populnea Guill and Perr. Gum samples extracted with acetone (CA) and water (CW) were analyzed. Phytochemical screening, elemental, particle shape and size analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XPRD), density measurements, moisture content and sorption capacity, swelling index, rheological and flow properties were used to characterize the gums.
Results: Both extracts had pleasant odor. The yield for both extracts of the gum was high, with the water extract being significantly higher. The swelling index, moisture content and moisture sorption capacity of the gum was high. The viscosity of the two extracts of Cissus gum increased with increase in concentration at room temperature.
Conclusion: Both extracts of Cissus gum possessed fundamental characteristics that would make them suitable as pharmaceutical excipients in the formulation of solid, semi-solid and liquid dosage forms and also in sustained release formulations.
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