Antibiotic use in food animals: determination of enrofloxacin residue in chicken tissue
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Poultry farmers in Nigeria employ the use of various antibiotics with or without the guidance of veterinarians, to promote growth and prevent infections in poultry. Although antibiotics benefit most of its uses, this has led to the accumulation of toxic antibiotic residues in edible poultry products destined for human consumption.
Objective: The present study was aimed at determining the residual amounts of enrofloxacin in chicken muscle samples.
Method: Forty birds were obtained from commercial poultries in Lagos State and randomly allotted into 7 groups. They were humanely sacrificed, dissected and 10.0 g of muscle tissue was sectioned from each drumstick and homogenized in a porcelain mortar. 5.0 g of the homogenate was weighed and transferred into a 5 ml plain sample bottle and processed for analysis by high performance liquid chromatography to determine the amount of enrofloxacin in the tissues.
Results: Enrofloxacin was detected in all samples from the four farms. The mean concentration of enrofloxacin ranged from 23.5 to 88.1 µg/g in all the 7 samples analyzed; these values were higher than the maximum residue level of 0.1 μg/ug in Europe and 0.3 μg/ug in the United States of America.
Conclusion: This study confirmed misuse of enrofloxacin in poultry farms and emphasizes the need for stricter regulation regarding antibiotic use in poultry as well as the screening of chicken for residues before sale.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Share
References
Donoghue DJ (2003). Antibiotic Residues: In Poultry Tissues and Eggs: Human Health Concerns? Poultry Science 82: 618-621.
Nisha AR (2008). Antibiotic residues: A Global Health Hazard. Veterinary World 1(12): 375-377
Engster HM, Marvil D and Stewart-Brown B (2002). The Effect of Withdrawing Growth Promoting Antibiotics from Broiler Chickens: A Long-Term Commercial Industry Study. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 11:431-436.
Geidam YA, Usman H, Musa HI, Anosike F, Adeyemi Y (2009). Oxtetracycline and Procain Penicillin residues in tissues of slaughtered cattle in
Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria. Terrestrial and Aquatic Environmental Toxicology 3(2): 68-70.
Sasanya JJ, Ogwalokenga JW, Etobi F, Muganwa M (2005). Use of Sulfonamides in layers in Kampala district, Uganda and sulfonamide residues in commercial eggs. African Health Science V5(1): 33-39.
Doyle ME (2006). Veterinary drug residues in processed meats potential health risk: A review of the scientific literature. Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Available at .Accessed 10th July, 2016.
Shriver JA, Carter SD, Sutton AL, Richert BT, Senne BW, Pettey LA (2003). Effects of adding fiber sources to reduced-crude protein, amino acid supplemented diets on nitrogen excretion, growth performance, and carcass traits of finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 81:492-502.
McBride WD, Key N, Mathews K (2008). Sub therapeutic Antibiotics and Productivity in U.S. Hog Production. Review of Agricultural Economics 30(2): 270-288.
Graham JP, Boland JJ, Silbergeld E (2007). Growth Promoting Antibiotics in Food Animal Production: An Economic Analysis. Public Health Reports 122: 79-87.
Johnston AM (1998). Use of antimicrobial drugs in veterinary practice. British Medical Journal 317: 665-667.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2013). Guidance for Industry: New Animal Drugs and New Animal Drug Combination Products Administered in or on Medicated Feed or Drinking Water of Food Producing Animals: Recommendations for Drug Sponsors for Voluntarily Aligning Product Use Conditions with GFI #209. Available at http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/GuidanceComplianceEnforcement/GuidanceforIndustry/default.htm. Accessed 10th July, 2016.
Alhendi AB, Homeida AAM, Galli ES (2000). Drug residues in broiler chicken fed with antibiotics in ration. Veterinarski Arhiv 70: 199-205. 13. Papich MG (1998). Antibacterial drug therapy. Focus on new drugs. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice 28(2): 215- 231.
Kempe M, Verachtert B. (2000). Cartridges with molecularly imprinted recognition elements for antibiotic residues monitoring in milk cream. Pure and applied biochemistry, Lunds Universitét Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Getingevagen, Lund, 1-10.
Olayemi SO, Oreagba IA, Mbagwu HOC (2006). A Survey of Antimicrobials Use in 50 Poultry Farms in Lagos. Journal of the Nigerian Infection Control Association 5(1&2): 18-22.
Jafari MT, Khayamian T, Shaer V, Zarei N (2007). Determination of Veterinary Drug Residues in Chicken Meat using Corona Discharge Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 581: 147.
Nonga HE, Simon C, Karimuribo ED, Mdegela RH (2010). Assessment of antimicrobial usage and residues in commercial chicken eggs from small holder poultry keepers in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania. Zoonoses Public Health 57: 339.
Phillips IM, Casewell T, Cox B, De Groot C, Friis R, Jones C, Nightingle R, Preston F, Waddell J (2004). Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 53:28-52.
Cox LA Jr., Popken DA, Carnevale R (2007). Quantifying Human Health Risks from Animal Antimicrobials. Interfaces 37(1): 22-38.
Phillips I (2007). Withdrawal of growthpromoting antibiotics in Europe and its effects in relation to human health. International Journal of
Antimicrobial Agents 30(2): 101-107.
Bywater RJ, Casewell MW (2000). An assessment of the impact of antibiotic resistance in different bacterial species and of contribution of animal sources to Resistance in human infections. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 46:1052.
Lawal JR, Jajere SM, Geidam YA, Bello AM, Wakil Y, Mustapha M (2015). Antibiotic Residues in Edible Poultry Tissues and Products in Nigeria: A Potential Public Health Hazard. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 7(3): 55-61.
Shareef AM, Jamel ZT, Yonis KM (2009). Detection of antibiotic residues in stored poultry products. Iraq Journal of Veterinary Sciences 23(1): 45-48.
Muhammed F, Aktar M, Rahman ZU, Javed I, Anwar MI (2009). Role of veterinarians in providing Residue-free veterinary food. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 29(1): 42-46.
Kukanich B, Gehring R, Webb AI, Craigmill AL, Riviere JE (2005). Effect of Formulation and route of administration on tissue residues and withdrawal times. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Assocociation 227: 1574-1577.
Olatoye IO, Ehinwomo AA (2009). Oxytetracycline Residues in Edible tissues of cattle slaughtered in Akure, Nigeria. Internet Journal of Food Safety 11:62-66.
Rokni N, Kamkar A, Salehzadeh F, Madani R (2007). Study on the enrofloxacin residue in chicken tissues by HPLC. Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology 4:11-17.
Kabir J, Umoh VJ, Audu E, Okoh J, Umoh U, Kwaga JKP (2004). Veterinary drug use in poultry farms and determination of antimicrobial drug residues in commercial eggs and slaughtered chicken in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Food Control 15: 99-105.
Ezenduka EV, Ike OS, Anaelom NJ (2014). Rapid detection of antimicrobial residues in poultry: A consequence of non-prudent use of antimicrobials. Health 6(2): 149-152.
Dipeolu MA (2004). Problems and prospects of antibiotics residues in meat products in Nigeria. Vom Journal of Veterinary Science 1(1): 63-67.
Yorke JC, Froc P (2000). Quantitation of nine quinolones in chicken tissues by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence detection. Journal of Chromatography A 882: 63-77.
European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (2002). Committee for Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Enrofloxacin Summary Report (5). Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Maximum_Residue_Limits__Report/2009/11/WC500014151.pdf. Accessed 4th
February, 2016.
Martin B, Cornejo J, Lapierre L, Iragüen D, Pérez F, Hidalgo H, Andre F (2010). Withdrawal time of four pharmaceutical formulations of enrofloxacin in poultry according to different maximum residues limits. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 33(3): 246-251.
Elkholy HM, Elkomy AA, Awidat SK, Elmajdoub AA (2009). Tissue and Egg Residues and Adverse Effect of Two Oral Enrofloxacin Preparations; Baytril® and Enrotryl®. Global Veterinaria 3(5): 363-368.
Nonga HE, Mariki M, Karimuribo ED, Mdegela RH (2009). Assessment of antimicrobial usage and anti- microbial residues in broiler chickens in morogoro muni- cipality, Tanzania. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8: 203-207.
Patterson DR (1991). Quinolone toxicity: Methods of assessment. American Journal of Medicine 91: 35S–37S.
Shimoda K (1998). Mechanisms of quinolone phototoxicity. Toxicology letters 102-103:369-373.
Khadra A, Pinelli E, Lacroix MZ, Bousquet-Melou A, Hamdi H, Merlina G. et al. (2012). Assessment of the genotoxicity of quinolone and fluoroquinolones contaminated soil with the Vicia faba micronucleus test. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 76: 187-192.
Gruchalla RS, Pirmohamed M (2006). Clinical practice. Antibiotic allergy. New England Journal of Medicine 354: 601-609.
Simon AH, Baxter GA (2006). Biosensor screening for veterinary drug residues in foodstuffs. Journal of AOAC International 89(3): 862-867.